History
The country of Tanzania is a result of the political union between mainland Tanganyika and the off-shore islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.
The two parts of the union attained independence from Britain separately, the mainland in 1961 and Zanzibar in 1963.
The coastal area has been the subject of a lot of maritime rivalry first between the Portuguese and Arab traders and later between various European powers.
It was not until the middle of the 17th century when Arab traders and slavers first entered the country.
Zanzibar had become so important as a slaving and spice entrepot by the first half of the 18 hundreds that the Oman Sultan, Seyyid Said moved the capital there from Muscatel in 1840.
From the beginning of the 19th century Britain's intrust stemmed when a treaty was signed with Seyyid Asides predecessor to forestall possible threats from Napoleonic France to British possessions in India.
Seyyid Said moved to Zanzibar, the British set up their first consulate there, Britain made Oman Sultan sign treaties restricting the slave trade.
In 1873 due to the threat of naval bombardment Sultan
Barghash (Seyyid Said's successor) signed a treaty outlawing the slave trade, although this trade continued on the mainland.
A British protectorate was placed on Zanzibar in 1890 it remained this way until 1963 when independence was granted.
In 1964 the Sultan was toppled in a communist-inspired revolution, during this the majority of the Arab population were massacred or expelled.
Sultan was replaced by the Afro-Shirazi Party.
It was during the reign of this party that Zanzibar and Pemba were merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania.
It was in the middle of the 19th century when the European explorers began arriving, four of the most famous being Livingstone and Stanley, Burton and Speke.
In 1891 the Germans colonised the mainland and it was governed directly by the German government.
The British were mandated the territory by the League of Nations after WORLD WAR 1.
In 1954 the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) was founded by Julius Nyerere, and they made nationalist organisations a great success.
In 1961 Tanganyika achieved independence the country's first president was Nyerere.
In 1967 the Arusha Declaration was created, as a result of the neglect of education, this was heavily influenced by the Chinese communist model.
The villages were intended to be socialist organisations created by the people and governed by the people.
Education was seen as essential to educate people into socialist ideas.
The economy was nationalised and taxes were increased, Nyerere banned government ministers and party officials from having shares or directorships in companies or from receiving more than one salary, this was an attempt to prevent the development into an exploitative class.
The villages since development have been transformed from peasant control to direct state control and new schemes were introduced, such as potable water, clinics, schools, fertilisers, high yield seeds and irrigation these schemes all failed due to lack of money and resentment among the peasants.
Corruption became widespread.
A third scheme was adopted to encourage the peasants to amalgamate their small holdings into large communially owned farms, this scheme was relatively successful and the government were prompted to adopt a policy of compulsory "villagisation" of the entire rural population.
Nyerere turned to the People's Republic of China as his foreign partner, the Chinese built a brand new railway for Tanzania from Dar es Salaam to Kapiri Mposhi, named the TAZARA railway, due to the rise in price of oil in the 1970's Tanzania had no money to maintain the railway, there were also serious fuel shortages.
Tanzania was bankrupted due to Nyerere's support of the guerrillas fighting for the independence of Angola and Mozambique against the Portuguese and also those fighting to overthrow the White minority government of Rhodesia.
In 1978 Idi Amin sent his army into northern Tanzania, as a result of Tanzania supporting exiled groups who were hostile to his regime, but it was more likely that it was simply a diversion to prevent mutiny in his own country, it took months for the Tanzanians to mobilise an army but when they did face the Ugandans, the Ugandans threw down their arms and fled, the Tanzanians pushed into Uganda, they left approximately 12 000 troops within the country, Tanzania was then condemned by the OAU due to the fact that the OAU's principle is that no state should interfere with the internal affairs of another.
Nyerere also helped to topple two other regimes in 1975 in the Comoros Islands and in 1977 in the Seychelles.
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda were linked together in an economic union after independence, which shared a common airline, telecommunications and postal facilities, transportations and customs, also their currencies were convertible, there was freedom of movement.
In 1977 this fell apart as a result of political differences.
Nyerere closed his country's borders with Kenya as a consequence of Kenya grabbing the bulk of the communities assets. These have been opened since.
In 1985 Nyerere stepped down but he then became the chairman of his party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (the CCM-Party of the Revolution).
HISTORY & BACKGROUND
Tanzania is about twice the size of California or 939,652 square miles in area (363,950 square kilometers). Its capital city, Dar es Salaam, has nearly 2 million residents. The proposed new capital, Dodoma, has just over 1 million residents. Tanzania has 32 million people. Zanzibar has 1.5 million people, while mainland Tanzania has 30.5 million inhabitants. Most Tanzanians live along the edges of the country on the coast and in the mountains, such as the Kilimanjaro region, the Pare, and the Usambara Mountains of the north. Many also live along the fertile lakeshores of Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika and along the fertile southern highlands. The center of the country is very dry, sparsely inhabited, and infested with tsetse flies that cause sleeping sickness in cattle and humans. This limits population buildup despite desirable land. Similarly, the fertile southern highlands are under populated due to disease; this explains why no dairy industry has developed there. Tanzania's population is growing at 2 percent per year, modest by African standards. Approximately 75 percent of the population is rural, and most people are subsistence farmers or pastoralists. The remaining 25 percent live in a handful of cities, such as Dar es Salaam, Tanga, Arusha, Moshi, Bukoba, Iringa, and Mwanza. Tanzania's urban population, however, is exploding. At independence in 1961, only 6 percent of Tanzanians were urban. Most urban growth is due to rural to urban migration. Roughly 99 percent of Tanzanians are Africans with the remaining 1 percent divided among East Asians, Europeans, and Arabs.
Life expectancy at birth is 42 years, and the infant mortality rate is 104.8 per 1,000 births. Tanzania has 1 doctor for every 22,900 people. The average person consumes 87 percent of the recommended daily caloric intake. Tanzania's African population can be divided into 120 ethnic groups. The majority is of Bantu origin, and the largest ethnic group is the Sukuma. Nilotic speaking groups such as the Maasai, are also quite large. Tanzania's population is 30 percent Christian, 30 percent Muslim, and 40 percent animist.
Tanganyika is a republic, which attained self-governance on 9 December 1961 within the British Commonwealth of Nations. It attained complete independence in 1962 and became a republic. By 1964, mainland Tanganyika united with the People's Republic of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania.
No Tanzanian African languages were written, so youth learned by listening carefully to older people and by watching and imitating their behavior. Having a good memory was important. The Waswahili ethnic group was formed between A.D. 200 and 500 along the Tanzania and Kenya coasts. These people are Bantu speaking Africans who intermarried with Arabs, East Indians, and Portuguese. Their language reflects these mixtures because it includes many Arabic and Hindi, as well as Portuguese and German, loanwords. Originally it was written by using an Arabic script, with extra letters to denote vowels; today written Swahili uses the Roman alphabet. From A.D. 700 on, Arabs colonized large regions of Tanzania. They introduced both spoken and written Arabic through Koran schools, which they used to teach their religion, Islam. Swahili speakers lived in coastal city-states, much like ancient Athens in Greece. Malindi and other city-states traded with distant lands, such as India and China. Armed struggle was ongoing against foreign invaders and by the early 1500s the Portuguese, using technology unknown in East Africa at the time, conquered many Swahili city-states. The Portuguese ruled the East Coast of Africa for roughly two centuries, but the Swahili never accepted them, and constant war was the norm.
When Germany colonized what was then Tanganyika in the 1880s, it introduced European education, science, mathematics, and engineering, as well as the German language. Such education went no further than elementary school and was limited to a few missionary-controlled schools.
In 1891 the German Governor, Von Soden, created a Western system of education to help cement the loyalty of Africans and provide inexpensive labor. The difficulty experienced suppressing the Bushiri Muslim revolt engendered respect for Islam in Von Soden. He paid Muslim teachers to visit government schools and used Swahili as the main medium of instruction. In an official 1903 circular he stated that his goals were:
To enable the native to be used in government administration. To inculcate a liking for order, cleanliness, diligence, and duty and a sound knowledge of German customs and patriotism. (Cameron 56)
From 1918 on, England administered Tanganyika and Zanzibar as League of Nations Trust territories. England added government subsidies to the German educational system, but otherwise did not fundamentally change it. Mission schools offered basic literacy, hygiene, mathematics, and religious and moral education. Most Africans found schools disruptive of their agricultural cycles and avoided them as superfluous.
Under a dual mandate England was to control Tanganyika and Zanzibar until they could learn to govern themselves, at which point it was to grant them independence. Fearing that this would not take place, Julius Nyerere argued in favor of immediate independence following World War II, and, in 1961, Tanganyika peacefully won its independence. Tanzania however was ill prepared for independence. The first secondary school was opened in 1930, and when World War II ended in 1945, only one school offered education through the twelfth grade in the entire country. It had six students. Colonial education expanded after 1950, but mainly in urban areas. Bright high school graduates were sent to Makerere College in Uganda or the Royal Technical College in Kenya (Nairobi University). By 1959 only 70 Tanzanian African had earned university degrees and 20 of these were teachers.
In 1954, less than 10 percent of Tanzania's children were in school. The colonial educational system was inadequate for the needs of an independent nation. Illiteracy was so widespread that elementary education was offered to all who desired it. Talented students won seats in high schools and at universities free of charge. After independence, education was offered by the government to all who could prove that they could benefit from it. As costs mounted, this policy became too expensive and was modified.
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Burgess, Ebenezer. "Probable Opening for Missionaries at Zanzibar and Accounts Received
Concerning the Continental Tribes." Missionary Herald. Volume 36 1840. pp. 118-121.
Anonymous. "Sketches of Zanzibar: Written During a Sojourn on That Island, From May 20th to
August 10th, 1843." American Review: A Whig Journal. Volume 2 August, 1845. pp. 154-162.
Sykes, William H. "Notes on the Possessions of the Iman of Muscat, on the Climate and Productions
of Zanzibar, and on the Prospects of African Discovery From Mombas." Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society. Volume 23 1853. pp. 101-119.
Burton, Richard F. and Speke, John H. "A Coasting Voyage From Mombasa to the Pangani River;
Visit to Sultan Kimwere; and Progress of the Expedition Into the Interior." Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society. Volume 28 1858. pp. 188-226.
Speke, John H. "Journal of a Cruise on the Tanganyika Lake, Central Africa, and Discovery of the
Victoria Nyanza Lake, the Supposed Source of the Nile." Blackwood's Magazine. Volume 86 1859.
pp. 339-357.
Speke, John N. "Journal of a Cruise on the Tanganyika Lake, Central Africa, and Discovery of the
Victoria Nyanza Lake, the Supposed Source of the Nile." Blackwood's Magazine. Volume 86 1859.
pp. 391-419.
Speke, John H. "Journal of a Cruise on the Tanganyika Lake, Central Africa, and Discovery of the
Victoria Nyanza Lake, the Supposed Source of the Nile." Blackwood's Magazine. Volume 86 1859.
pp. 565-582.
Decken, Carl C. von der. "Geographical Notes of an Expedition to Mount Kilima-Ndjaro in
1862-63." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Volume 34 1864. pp. 1-6.
Thornton, Richard. "Notes on a Journey to Mount Kilimandjaro." Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society. Volume 35 1865. pp. 15-21.
Burton, Richard F. "On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Lake--Reservoir of the Nile." Journal of the
Royal Geographical Society. Volume 35 1865. pp. 1-15.
Young, E.D. "Report of the Livingstone Search Expedition." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical
Society. Volume 12 1867. pp. 79-86.
Young, E.D. "Report of the Livingstone Search Expedition." Journal of the Royal Geographical
Society. Volume 38 1868. pp. 111-118.
Wakefield, Thomas. "Routes of Native Caravans From the Coast to the Interior of Eastern Africa,
Chiefly From Information Given by Sa'di Bin Ahedi, a Native of a District Near Gazi, in Udigo, a
Little North of Zanzibar." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Volume 40 1870. pp. 303-339.
Elton, James F. "On the Coast Country of East Africa, South of Zanzibar." Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society. Volume 44 1874. pp. 227-252.
Cameron, Verney L. and Markham, C.R. "Examination of the Southern Half of Lake Tanganyika."
Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Volume 45 1875. pp. 184-228.
New, Charles. "Journey From the Pangani, Via Usambara, to Mombasa." Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society. Volume 45 1875. pp. 414-420.
Sullivan, George L. "Survey of the Lower Course of the Rufiji River." Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society. Volume 45 1875. pp. 364-367.
Frere, H. Bartle. "Zanzibar and Its Sultan." Macmillan's. 1875. pp. 275-288.
Stanley, Henry M. and Grant, James A. "On Mr. H.M. Stanley's Exploration of Victoria Nyanza."
Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Volume 46 1876. pp. 10-34.
Holmwood, Frederick. "The Kingani River, East Africa." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.
Volume 47 1877. pp. 253-267.
Southon, Ebenezer J. "Notes on a Journey Through Northern Ugogo, in East Central Africa, in July
and August, 1879." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. Volume 3 1881. pp. 547-553.
Johnston, Harry H. "British Interests in Eastern Equatorial Africa." Journal of the Manchester
Geographical Society. Volume 1 1885. pp. 165-179.
O'Neill, Henry E. "East Africa Between the Zambesi and Rovuma Rivers: Its People, Riches and
Development." Scottish Geographical Magazine. Volume 1 1885. pp. 337-352.
Johnston, Harry H. "Kilima-Njaro Expedition." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society.
Volume 7 1885. pp. 137-157.
Cameron, Verney L. "Zanzibar: Its Past, Present and Future." Revue Coloniale Internationale.
Volume 1 1885. pp. 417-430.
Porter, William C. "The Magwangwara." Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society. Volume
2 1886. pp. 265-282.
Farler, John P. "England and Germany in East Africa." Fortnightly Review. Volume 45 1889. pp.
157-165.
De Winton, Francis. "England and Germany in East Africa." Nineteenth Century. Volume 27 #5
May, 1890. pp. 721-726.
Kerr-Cross, David. "Geographical Notes of the Country Between Lakes Nyasa, Rukwa, and
Tanganyika." Scottish Geographical Magazine. Volume 6 1890. pp. 281-293.
Baumann, Oscar. "Between Victoria Nyanza and Tanganyika." Geographical Journal. Volume 1
1893. pp. 180.
Heawood, Edward. "Dr. Baumann's Journey Through East Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 4
#3 September, 1894. pp. 246+.
Smith, C.S. "The Anglo-German Boundary in East Equatorial Africa." Geographical Journal.
Volume 4 #5 November, 1894. pp. 424-437.
Balfour, Alice B. "A Short Account of a Journey Through the British South Africa Company's
Territory in 1894. Part One." National Review (London). Volume 25 April, 1895. pp. 183-206.
Balfour, Alice B. "A Short Account of a Journey Through the British South Africa Company's
Territory in 1894." National Review (London). Volume 25 May, 1895. pp. 351-373.
Anonymous. "Count Gotzen's Journey Across Equatorial Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 5
#4 April, 1895. pp. 354-360.
Elliott, George F.S. "Expedition to Ruwenzori and Tanganyika." Geographical Journal. Volume 6
1895. pp. 301-317.
Gotzen, Gustav A. "Journey Across Equatorial Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 5 1895. pp.
354-360.
Glave, E.J. "Glave in the Heart of Africa." Century. Volume 52 1896. pp. 918-933.
Glave, E.J. "Glave's Journey to the Livingstone Tree." Century. Volume 52 1896. pp. 765-781.
Glave, E.J. "New Conditions in Central Africa: The Dawn of Civilization Between Lake Tanganyika
and the Congo: Extracts From the Journal of the Late E.J.G." Century Illustrated Monthly
Magazine. Volume 53 1897. pp. 900-915.
Moore, J.E.S. "Nyasa and Tanganyika Districts." Geographical Journal. Volume 10 1897. pp. 289+.
Mohun, R. Dorsey. "Bombardment of Zanzibar." Cosmopolitan Magazine. June, 1898. pp. 157-164.
Hardinge, Arthur H. "Legislative Methods in the Zanzibar and East African Protectorate." Journal
of the Society of Comparative Legislation. Volume 1 1899. pp. 1-10.
Wallace, L.A. "The Nyasa-Tanganyika Plateau." Geographical Journal. Volume 13 #6 June, 1899.
pp. 577+.
Boileau, F.F.R. and Wallace, L.A. "The Nyasa-Tanganyika Plateau." Geographical Journal. Volume
13 #6 June, 1899. pp. 577-621.
Decle, Lionel. "The Tanganyika Railway." Fortnightly Review. Volume 65 January, 1899. pp. 25-33.
Codrington, Robert. "A Journey From Fort Jameson, to Old Chitambo and the Tanganyika Plateau."
Geographical Journal. Volume 15 #3 1900. pp. 227-232.
Hollis, Alfred C. "Notes on the History of Vumba, East Africa." Journal of the Anthropological
Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 30 January, 1900. pp. 275-298.
Moore, J.E.S. "Lake Tanganyika and the Countries North of It." Geographical Journal. Volume 17
#1 January, 1901. pp. 1-35.
Codrington, Robert. "A Voyage on Lake Tanganyika." Geographical Journal. Volume 19 1902. pp.
598-603.
Bashford, J.L. "German Colonies and Naval Power." Fortnightly Review. Volume 72 October, 1902.
pp. 622-634.
McKinnon, Charles. "Journey From Domira Bay, Lake Nyasa to Fife, on the Tanganyika Plateau."
Geographical Journal. Volume 19 #5 May, 1902. pp. 603-605.
Zimmerman, Alfred. "Trade of the German Protectorates." Journal of the Royal African Society.
Volume 1 January, 1902. pp. 184-191.
Codrington, Robert. "Travel and Trade Routes in North Eastern Rhodesia and Adjacent Parts of
East Central Africa: A Voyage on Lake Tanganyika." Geographical Journal. Volume 19 #5 May,
1902. pp. 598+.
Eltzbacher, O. "German Colonial Ambitions and Anglo Saxon Interests." Fortnightly. Volume 73
March, 1903. pp. 469-488.
Beringer, Otto L. "Notes on the Country Between Lake Nyasa and Victoria Nyanza." Geographical
Journal. Volume 21 #1 January, 1903. pp. 25-36.
Hetherwick, Alexander. "Opening Up of Central Africa From the East Coast." Journal of the Royal
African Society. Volume 2 April, 1903. pp. 326-330.
Smith, G.E. "From the Victoria Nyanza to Kilimanjaro." Geographical Journal. Volume 29 #3
March, 1907. pp. 249-269.
Cave, Basil S. "The End of Slavery in Zanzibar and British East Africa." Journal of the Royal
African Society. Volume 9 October, 1909. pp. 20-33.
Crabtree, W.A. "German Colonies in Africa." Journal of the Royal African Society. Volume 14
October, 1914. pp. 1-14,
Crabtree, W.A. "The Germans in East and West Africa." Journal of the Royal African Society.
Volume 15 October, 1915. pp. 1-10.
Pruen, St. "What the Germans Did in East Africa." Nineteenth Century and After. Volume 77 April,
1915. pp. 768-771.
Adams, Cyrus C. "African Colonies of Germany and the War." Geographical Review. Volume 1
June, 1916.
Yate, A.C. "British and German East Africa." Nineteenth Century and After. Volume 80 #2 August,
1916. pp. 388-397.
Cana, Frank R. "Frontiers of German East Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 47 #4 April,
1916.
Johnston, Harry H. "Kilimanjaro." Nineteenth Century and After. Volume 79 April, 1916. pp.
879-887.
Stigand, C.H. "Observations on the Northern Section of the Tanganyika-Nile Rift Valley."
Geographical Journal. Volume 48 #2 August, 1916.
O'Sullevan, J.J. "The Campaign on the German East Africa-Rhodesian Border." Journal of the
Royal African Society. Volume 15 April, 1916. pp. 209-215.
Crabtree, W.A. "Economic Resources of the German Colonies in Africa." Journal of the Royal
African Society. Volume 16 January, 1917. pp. 125-134.
Briggs, J.H. "German East Africa During the War." Journal of the Royal African Society. Volume
16 January, 1917. pp. 193-199.
King, Norman. "Mafia." Geographical Journal. Volume 50 #2 August, 1917.
Frodsham, Bishop. "The Future of German Colonies." Nineteenth Century and After. Volume 82
July-December, 1917. pp.
Smuts, J.C. "East Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 51 #3 March, 1918.
Cana, Frank R. "German East Africa and Its Future." Journal of the Royal African Society. Volume
17 January, 1918. pp. 125-135.
McCarthy, C.P. "German Plans For Railway Development in East Africa." Geographical Journal.
Volume 52 #5 November, 1918.
Letcher, Owen. "Notes on the South-Western Area of `German' East Africa." Geographical Journal.
Volume 51 #3 March, 1918.
Wrigley, G.M. "The Military Campaigns Against Germany's African Colonies." Geographical
Review. Volume 5 January, 1918. pp. 44-65.
Barns, T. Alexander. "The Highlands of the Great Craters, Tanganyika Territory." Geographical
Journal. Volume 58 #6 December, 1921. pp. 401-416.
Anonymous. "Exploration of Mountains Kilimanjaro and Kenya." Geographical Review. Volume 12
#1 July, 1922. pp. 494-496.
Anonymous. "Route of the Railway From Tabora to Lake Tanganyika." Geographical Journal.
Volume 64 #5 November, 1924. pp. 406-407.
Grant, C.H.B. "Uha in Tanganyika Territory." Geographical Journal. Volume 66 #5 November,
1925. pp. 411-422.
Church, Archibald G. "Inter-Relations of East African Territories; Work of the East African
Commission." Geographical Journal. Volume 67 #3 March, 1926. pp. 213-231.
Gillman, Clement C. "Southwest Tanganyika Territory." Geographical Journal. Volume 69 #2
February, 1927. pp. 97-125.
Buell, Raymond L. "The Destiny of East Africa." Foreign Affairs. Volume 6 #3 April, 1928. pp.
408-426.
Melland, Frank H. "Eastern Africa--Our Opportunity." Fortnightly Review. Volume 125 #748 April,
1929. pp. 500-507.
Laws, J.B. "A Minor Adjustment in the Bounmdary Between Tanganyika Territory and Ruanda."
Geographical Journal. Volume 80 #3 September, 1932. pp. 244-247.
Heathcote, Michael A.U. "Head Waters of the Mnyera Ruaha." Geographical Journal. Volume 79
#2 February, 1932. pp. 124-131.
Jack, Evan M. "Railway Development in Tanganyika Territory." Geographical Journal. Volume 79
#2 Februry, 1932. pp. 117-124.
Grant, C.H.B. "The Livingstone-Stanley Memorials in Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 79 #4
April, 1932. pp. 318-319.
Anonymous. "Some Notes on Kilwa." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 2 1936. pp. 92-95.
Walker, John. "The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 2 1936. pp. 115+.
Ajemy, Hemedi B.A.A. "The Story of Mbega. (Part One)." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
1 1936. pp. 38-51.
Ajemy, Hemedi B.A.A. "The Story of Mbega. (Part Two)." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
2 1936. pp. 80-91.
Hartnoll, M. "A Story of the Origin of the Name of Bandar-es Salaam Which in the Old Days Was
Called Mzizima." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 3 1937. pp. 117-119.
Anonymous. "Ex-German Colonies." Round Table. Volume 27 September, 1937. pp. 850-855.
Hartnoll, A.V. and Fuggles Couchman, N.R. "The Masheyora Cultivations of the Coast."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 3 1937. pp. 34-38.
Robinson, Arthur E. "The Shirazi Colonizations of East Africa." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 3 April, 1937. pp. 40-58.
Ajemy, Hemedi B.A.A. "The Story of Mbega. (Part Three)." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 3 1937. pp. 87-98.
Davey, A.C. "Church Missionary Society (CMS), Ngambo." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 5 1938. pp. 68+.
Chesham, L. "Tanganyika and the Mandate." Fortnightly. Volume 144 #5 November, 1938. pp.
585-592.
Dorman, M.H. "The Kilwa Civilization and the Kilwa Ruins." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 6 December, 1938. pp. 61-71.
Taute, M.A. "A German Account of the Medical Side of the War in East Africa, 1914-1918."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 8 1939. pp. 1+.
Jervis, T.S. "A History of Robusta Coffee in Bukoba." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 8
1939. pp. 47+.
Bax, S. Napier. "The Early Church Missionary Society (CMS) Missions at Buzilima and Usambira
in the Mwanza District." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 7 1939. pp. 39+.
Fuchs, V.E. "The Lake Rukwa Expedition, 1938." Geographical Journal. Volume 94 #5 November,
1939. pp. 368-387.
Robinson, Arthur E. "The Shirazi Colonization of East Africa: Vumba." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 7 June, 1939. pp. 40-79.
Richardson, R.B. "Livingstone's Tembe at Kwihara, Tabora." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 9 1940. pp. 68+.
Burton, Richard. "Description of a Visit to Kilwa in 1859." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
12 December, 1941. pp. 45-48.
Piggott, D.W.I. "History of Mafia." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 11 April, 1941. pp.
35-40.
Saadi, Kadhi A.O. "Mafia--History and Traditions." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 12
December, 1941. pp. 23+.
Mntambo, P.C. "The Founding of King George V Memorial Museum, Dar es Salam." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 12 1941. pp. 20-22.
Gillman, Clement C. "A Short History of the Tanganyika Railways." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 13 June, 1942. pp. 14+.
Bax, S. Napier. "Doctor John Smith, 1852-1857." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 14 1942.
pp. 56+.
Gillman, Clement C. "White Colonization in East Africa With Special Regard to Tanganyika
Territory." Geographical Review. Volume 32 #4 October, 1942. pp. 585-597.
Lane, L.P. "Naval Visit Dar es Salaam, November, 1914." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
16 1943. pp. 76-78.
Bax, S. Napier. "Notes on the Presence of Tsetse Fly Between 1857 and 1915 in the Dar es Salaam
Area." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume16 1943. pp. 33+.
Cole, G.F. "San Rafael." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 15 1943. pp. 82-84.
Henderson, W.O. "The War Economy of German East Africa, 1914-1917." Economic History
Review. Volume 13 1943.
Baxter, H.C. "Pangani: The Trade Centre of Ancient History." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 17 1944. pp. 15-25.
Conan-Davies, E. "Queen Mab in Masasi." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 17 1944. pp.
64+.
Gray, John. "Stanley Versus Tippoo Tip." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 18 1944. pp.
11-26.
Ollendoroff, R. "Bagamoyo, 1883-1945." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 20 1945. pp.
62-63.
Henderson, W.O. "British Economic Activities in the German Colonies, 1884-1914." Economic
History Review. Volume 15 1945.
Gillman, Clement C. "Dar s Salaam, 1860-1940: A Story of Growth and Change." Tanganyika Notes
and Records. Volume 20 1945. pp. 1-23.
Spink, P.C. "Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount
Kenya." Geographical Journal. Volume 106 #5 November, 1945. pp. 210-216.
Allen, J.W.T. "The Name `Dar es Salaam'." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 19 1945. pp.
67.
Hatchell, G.W. "The East African Campaign 1914-1919. Part One." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 21 June, 1946. pp. 39-45.
Gray, John. "Dar es Salaam in 1868." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 24 1947. pp. 1-2.
Rezende, P.B. "Description of Mombasa in 1634." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 23
1947.
Gray, John M. "Kilwa in 1812." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 24 December, 1947. pp.
49-60.
Gray, John M. "Rezende's Description of East Africa in 1634." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 23 December, 1947. pp. 2-30.
Baker, S.J.K. and White, R.T. "The Distribution of Native Population Over South-East Central
Africa." Geographical Journal. Volume 108 #4 April, 1947. pp. 198-210.
Barker, R. and Giffard, G.G. "The East African Campaign, 1914-1919." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 24 1947. pp. 71+.
Ford, J. and Hall, R. De Z. "The History of Karagwe." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 24
December, 1947. pp. 3+.
Baker, E.C. "Tribal History and Legend. A Note on the Washomvi of Dar-es-Salaam." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 23 1947. pp. 47-48.
Gray, John M. "A Journey By Land From Tete to Kilwa in 1616." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 25 June, 1948. pp. 37-47.
Ginner, H.W.E. "Note on German Graveyard at Old Moshi." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 25 1948. pp. 78+.
Griffith-Jones, T. "Stanley's First and Second Expeditions Through Mpwapwa and W.L. Farquhar's
Grave." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 25 1948. pp. 29+.
Hatchell, G.W. "The East African Campaign 1914-1919. Part Two." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 24 1948. pp. 75+.
Coke, C.M. "The Livingstone Memorial at Ujiji." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 25 1948.
pp. 34+.
Hatchell, G.W. "An Early `Sleeping-Sickness Settlement' in South-Western Tanganyika."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 27 1949. pp. 60+.
Allen, J.W.T. "Rhapta." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 27 1949. pp. 52-59.
Gray, John. "Portuguese Records Relating to the Wasegeju." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 29 1950. pp. 85-97.
Bell, R.M. "The Maji Maji Rebellion in the Liwale District." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 28 January, 1950. pp. 38-57.
Stamboul, Umari B. "An Early History of Mombasa and Tanga." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 61 1951. pp. 32-36.
Jiddawi, Abdurrahim M. "Extracts From an Arab Account Book, 1840-1854." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 31 1951. pp. 25-37.
Du Toit, P.J. "Notes on the Coinage of German East Africa (Tanganyika)." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 31 1951. pp. 37-41.
Haarer, A.E. "Tanganyika Yesterday and To-Day." Contemporary Review. Volume 179 #3 March,
1951. pp. 165-167.
Koenig, O. "The Ancient Wells of Ngassumat in South Masailand." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 31 1951. pp. 53+.
Gray, John M. "The History of Kilwa. Part One." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 31 July,
1951. pp. 1-24.
Thomas, H.B. "The Kionga Triangle." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 31 1951. pp. 47-50.
Lambourn, R.G.P. "Zanzibar to Masasi in 1876; The Founding of the Masasi Mission." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 31 1951. pp. 42-46.
Gray, John M. "A History of Kilwa. Part Two." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 32
January, 1952. pp. 11-37.
Gray, John M. "Dar es Salaam Under the Sultans of Zanzibar." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 33 July, 1952. pp. 1-21.
Fosbrooke, H.A. "David Livingstone's Observations on Coal on the Ruvuma and the Tsetse Fly."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 33 1952. pp. 103+.
Moffett, J.P. "One Hundred Years in Tanganyika." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 33
1952. pp. 83+.
Pennington, A.L. "Refugees in Tanganyika During the Second World War." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 32 1952. pp. 52+.
Tanner, R.E.S. "Some Chinese Pottery Found at Kilwa Kisiwani." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 32 1952. pp. 83-84.
Reusch, R. "How the Swahili People and the Language Came Into Existence." Tanganyika Notes
and Records. Volume 34 1953. pp. 20-27.
Gray, John. "A European Graveyard at Kigoma." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 37 1954.
pp. 130+.
Hatchell, G.W. "Maritime Relics of the 1914-1918 War." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
36 1954. pp. 1-21.
Gray, J.M. "Menories of an Arabian Princess." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 37 1954.
pp. 49-70.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Some Preliminary Observations on Medieval Mosques Near Dar es
Salaam." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 36 1954. pp. 64-70.
Gulliver, P.H. "Three Hundred Years Ago in Tanganyika." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
36 1954. pp. 86+.
Weidman, W. "A Short History of the Klub Dar-es-Salaam." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 41 1955. pp. 59-61.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Chinese Porcelain in Tanganyika." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 41 1955. pp. 63-66.
Barker, R. "Maritime Relics of the 1914-1918 War." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 38
1955. pp. 64.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Mediaeval Mosques Near Dar es Salaam." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 38 1955.
Hunter, G. "Note on Chinese Porcelain." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 38 1955. pp. 65.
Gray, John. "Sir John Henderson and the Princess of Zanzibar." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 40 1955. pp. 15-19.
Smith, Edwin W. "The Earliest Ox-Wagons in Tanganyika: An Experiment Which Failed. Part One."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 40 1955. pp. 1+.
Smith, Edwin W. "The Earliest Ox-Wagons in Tanganyika: An Experiment Which Failed. Part Two."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 41 1955. pp. 1+.
Fosbrooke, H.A. "The Life of Justin: An African Autobiography." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 38 1955. pp. 30-56.
Cory, Hans. "Buhaya and the African Explorer." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 43 June,
1956. pp. 20+.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Coins of the Sultans of Kilwa in the King George V Museum."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Voluem 45 1956.
Hatchell, G.W. "The Boundary Between Tanganyika and Kenya." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 43 1956. pp. 41+.
Gray, John M. "The French at Kilwa, 1776-1784." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 44
September, 1956. pp. 28-49.
Walker, John and Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 45 1956. pp. 33-58.
Leveratt, C.W. "An Outline of the History of Railways in Tanganyika, 1850-1956." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 47-48 January, 1957. pp. 108+.
Harlow, Vincent. "Burton and Speke Expedition Centenary." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 49 1957. pp. 312+.
Gray, John M. "The Trading Expeditions From the Coast to Lakes Tanganyika and Victoria Before
1857." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 49 1957. pp. 226-246.
Gray, John. "A Note on Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny (1736-1809)." Tanganyika Notes
and Records. Volume 51 1958. pp. 246-249.
Gray, John. "Burton on Kiswahili." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 51 1958. pp. 156-158.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "In Search of the History of the `Tabora Sovereign'." Tanganyika Notes
and Records. Volume 50 1958. pp. 49+.
Kirkman, James. "Kilwa: The Cutting Behind the Defensive Wall." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 50 1958. pp. 94-101.
Phatak, D.M. "Note on Tabora Emergency Coinage." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 50
1958. pp. 48+.
Hatchell, G.W. "The British Occupation of Southwestern Area of Tanganyika Territory."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 51 1958. pp. 131+.
Gray, John. "The British Vice-Consulate at Kilwa Kivinje, 1884-1885." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 51 1958. pp. 174-194.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "The Chronology of the Sultans of Kilwa." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 50 1958. pp. 85-93.
Bojarski, Edmund A. "The Last Cannibals in Tanganyika." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
51 1958. pp. 227+.
Gower, Rebecca H. "Ukutu in the Nineteenth Century." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 51
1958. pp. 206+.
Mziray, Peter. "A Brief History of Tanganyika." Ethiopia Observer. Volume 3 #3 1959. pp. 75-76.
Schmeidel, H. "Bwana Sakkarani." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 52 1959. pp. 35-52.
Gray, John M. "Early Portuguese Visitors to Kilwa." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 52
March, 1959. pp. 117-128.
Chittick, H. Neville. "Notes on Kilwa." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 53 1959. pp.
179-204.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Sir John Gray: Bibliography." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
53 1959. pp. 150+.
Davies, Geraint G. "Sir John Milner Gray: A Portrait." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 53
1959. pp. 148+.
Fosbrooke, H.A. "Some Historic Moshi Buildings." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 51
1959. pp. 198+.
Mathew, A.G. "Songo Mnara." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 53 1959. pp. 155-160.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Speke's Death." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 52 1959. pp.
137+.
Welch, J.R. "Subsequent History of Resettlement Area." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
53 1959. pp. 247+.
Ingham, Kenneth. "Tanganyika in the Twenties." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 52 1959.
pp. 18+.
Magombe, George S. "Tanganyika, Past, Present and Future." Ethiopia Observer. Volume 3 #3
1959. pp. 77-81.
Whiteley, W.H. "The Collection of Swahili Literature and its Relation to Oral Tradition and
History." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 53 1959. pp. 224-227.
Prins, A.H.J. "Uncertainties in Coastal History: The Ngalawa and the Mtepe." Tanganyika Notes
and Records. Volume 53 1959. pp. 205-213.
Phatak, D.M. "Weights of the Five-Heller Coins Minted at Tabora in 1916." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 52 1959. pp. 31+.
Bennett, Norman R. "Captain Storms in Tanganyika: 1882-1885." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 54 March, 1960.
Furley, O.W. and Watson, T. "Education in Tanganyika Between the Wars: Attempts to Blend Two
Cultures." South Atlantic Quarterly. Volume 65 Autumn, 1960.
Eberlie, R.F. "German Achievement in East Africa." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 55
September, 1960. pp. 181-214.
Charlewood, C.J. "Naval Actions on the Tanganyika Coast: 1914-1917. Part One." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 54 1960. pp. 120.
Charlewood, C.J. "Naval Actions on the Tanganyika Coast: 1914-1917. Part Two." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 55 1960. pp. 153-180.
Shann, G.N. "Tanganyika Place Names of European Origin." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 54 1960. pp. 79+.
Fosbrooke, H.A. "Tanganyika's Population Problem--An Historical Explanation."
Rhodes-Livingstone Journal. Volume 28 December, 1960. pp. 54-58.
Osbome, J.M. "The Berlin Mission." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 54 1960. pp. 64-68.
Bennett, N.R. "Americans in Zanzibar, 1865-1915. Part Two." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 56 1961. pp. 121-138.
Gray, J.M. "Commercial Intercourse Between Angola and Kilwa in the Sixteenth Century."
Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 57 1961. pp. 173-174.
Gray, J.M. "Early Portuguese Visitors to Kilwa: A Further Note." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 57 1961. pp. 175-176.
Leys, Colin. "Evolution in British Africa." Current History. Volume 41 October, 1961. pp. 217-224.
Russell, A. "War Comes to Tanganyika." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 58 1961. pp.
195-198.
Beidelman, Thomas O. "A History of Ukaguru: 1857-1916." Tanganyika Notes and Records.
Volume 58-59 March-September, 1962.
Hassing, P. and Bennett, N.R. "A Journey Across Tanganyika in 1886." Tanganyika Notes and
Records. Volume 56 1962. pp. 129-147.
Nornsby, G. "Brief History of Tanga School up to 1914." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume
58-59. 1962. pp. 148-150.
Gray, J.M. "Fort Santiago at Kilwa." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 59 1962. pp. 175-178.
Sanderson, G.M. "Gunfire on Nyasa." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 58-59.
March-September, 1962.
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. "Husuni." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 59 1962. pp. 227-230.
Gray, J.M. "Official Use of the Persian Solar Calendar by the Sultans of Zanzibar." Tanganyika
Notes and Records. Volume 58 1962. pp. 224.
Gavin, Robert J. "The Bartle Frere Mission to Zanzibar, 1873." Historical Journal. Volume 5 #2
1962.
Gray, J.M. "The French at Kilwa in 1797." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 58 1962. pp.
172-174.
Russell, A. "The Landing at Tanga." Tanganyika Notes and Records. son, A.T. "Sewa Haji." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 65 1966. pp. 91-94.
Chittick, H.N. "Six Early Coins From Near Tanga." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in
Eastern Africa. Volume 1 1966. pp. 157.
Dougherty, Mary I. "Tanganyika During the `Twenties': A Study of the Social and Economic
Development of Tanganyika Under British Mandate." African Studies. Volume 25 #4 1966.
Bennett, Norman R. "The London Missionary Society at Urambo: 1878-1898." Tanzania Notes and
Records. Volume 65 1966. pp. 43-52.
White, P.F. "The Word Tanganyika." Tanganyika Notes and Records. Volume 66 1966. pp. 230.
Chittick, H.N. "A Coin Hoard From Near Kilwa." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern
Africa. Volume 2 1967. pp. 194-198.
Alpers, E.A. "A Revised Chronology of the Sultans of Kilwa in the 18th and 19th Centuries." Azania:
Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 2 1967. pp. 145-164.
Sassoon, Hamo. "New Views on Engaruka, Northern Tanzania. Excavations Carried Out For the
Tanzania Government in 1964 and 1966." Journal of African History. Volume 8 #2 1967. pp. 201-217.
Fagan, Brian M. "Tanzania History Reconstructed." East Africa Journal. Volume 4 #4 July, 1967.
pp. 16-18.
Pierard, Richard V. "The Dernberg Reform Policy and German East Africa." Tanzania Notes and
Records. Volume 67 June, 1967.
Iliffe, John. "The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion." Journal of African History. Volume 8 #3
1967. pp. 495-512.
Bevan, Brian. "Zanzibar." Contemporary Review. Volume 210 #1215 April, 1967. pp. 177-182.
Wright, Marcia. "Chief Merere and the Germans." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 69 1968.
Chacker, Eunice A. "Early Arab and European Contracts With Ukerewe." Tanzania Notes and
Records. Volume 68 February, 1968. pp. 75-86.
Ekemode, G.O. "Kimweri the Great Kilindi King of Vuga." Tarikh. Volume 2 #3 1968.
Martin, B.G. "Materials for the Understanding of Islam in German East Africa." Tanzania Notes
and Records. Volume 68 1968. pp. 31-61.
Lonsdale, John M. "Some Origins of Nationalism in East Africa." Journal of African History.
Volume 9 #1 1968. pp. 119-146.
Kiernan, James P. "The Origins of the Zanzibar Guarantee Treaty of 1862." Canadian Journal of
African Studies. Volume 2 #2 1968. pp. 147+.
Smith, Alan. "The Sigi Tramway That Was: Tanganyika's Railway Development Policy in the
Twenties." East Africa Journal. Volume 5 #4 April, 1968.
Chittick, H.N. "Two Traditions About the Early History of Kilwa." Azania: Journal of the British
Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 3 1968. pp. 197-200.
Baker, Randall. "Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, 1920-1960: Outline of Economic Development."
Africa Quarterly. Volume 8 #2 July-September, 1968. pp. 137-145.
Sutton, J.E.G. "Uvinza and its Salt Industry." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern
Africa. Volume 3 1968. pp. 45-86.
Mangat, J.S. "Was Allidina Visram a Robber Baron or a Skillful and Benevolent Commercial
Pioneer?" East African Journal. Volume 5 #2 February, 1968. pp. 33-35.
Mamdani, Mahmood. "Asians in East Africa: Their Origin and Sociological Composition."
Pan-African Journal. Volume 2 #4 Fall, 1969. pp. 375-395.
Frederick, S.W. "Life of Joseph Kimalando." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 70 1969.
Chittick, H.N. "The Early History of Kilwa Kivinje." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in
Eastern Africa. Volume 4 1969. pp. 153-159.
Akinola, G. Akin. "The French on the Lindi Coast, 1985-1789." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 70 1969. pp. 13-20.
Sutton, J.E.G. "`Ancient Civilisations' and Modern Agricultural Systems in the Southern Highlands
of Tanzania." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 9 1969. pp. 1-13.
Iliffe, J. "A History of the Dockworkers of Dar es Salaam." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume
71 1970. pp. 119-148.
Brown, W.T. "Bagamoyo: An Historical Introduction." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 71
1970. pp. 69-83.
Mihalyi, Louis J. "Characteristics and Problems of Labour in the Usambara Highlands of East Africa
During the German Period, 1885-1914." East Africa Journal. Volume 7 #5 May, 1970. pp. 20-25.
Sutton, J.E.G. "Dar-es-Salaam: A Sketch of a Hundred Years." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 71 1970. pp. 1-18.
Anonymous. "Early Dar es Salaam as Seen by Foreign Visitors." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 71 1970. pp. 201
Hassing, Per. "German Missionaries and the Maji Maji Rising." African Historical Studies. Volume
3 #2 1970.
Cooke, James J. "Madagascar and Zanzibar: Case Study of African Colonial Friction, 1894-1897."
African Studies Review. Volume 13 #3 1970. pp. 435-443.
Chittick, H.N. "Relics of the Past in the Region of Dar-es Salaam." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 71 1970. pp. 65-68.
Datoo, B.A. "Rhapta. The Location and Importance of East Africa's First Port." Azania: Journal of
the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 5 1970. pp. 65-75.
Kieran, J.A. "Christian Villages in North-Eastern Tanzania." Transafrican Journal of History.
Volume 1 #1 January, 1971. pp. 24-38.
Furley, O.W. "Education and the Chiefs in East Africa in the Inter-War Period." Transafrican
Journal of History. Volume 1 #1 January, 1971. pp. 60-83.
Mihalyi, Louis J. "German Missionary Activity in the Usambara Highlands, 1885-1914." East Africa
Journal. Volume 8 #2 February, 1971. pp. 26-32.
Katoke, Israel K. "History of the Pre-Colonial States of Northwest Tanzania." Journal of World
History. Volume 13 #3 1971. pp. 512-514.
Luthy, Herbert. "India and East Africa: Imperial Partnership at the End of the First World War."
Journal of Contemporary History. Volume 6 #2 1971.
Unomah, A.C. "Indirect Rule and the Nyamwezi Traditional System in the Tabora Province of
Tanganyika." Tarikh. Volume 3 #3 1971.
Kaijage, Frederick J. "Kyamutware, Tanzania." Journal of World History. Volume 13 #3 1971. pp.
542-574.
Hartwig, Gerald W. "Long Distance Trade and the Evolution of Sorcery Among the Kerebe."
African Historical Studies. Volume 4 #3 1971.
Brown, Beverly. "Muslim Influence on Trade and Politics in Lake Tanganyika Region." African
Historical Studies. Volume 4 #3 1971.
Adelwoye, O. "Native Administration in a Mandated Territory: The Tanganyikan Example,
1919-1945." Tarikh. Volume 3 #3 1971.
Katoke, Israel K. "The Kingdom of Ihangiro." Journal of World History. Volume 13 #4 1971. pp.
700-713.
Ishumi, Abel G.M. "The Kingdom of Kiziba." Journal of World History. Volume 13 #4 1971. pp.
714-735.
Brown, Walter T. "The Politics of Business: Relations Between Zanzibar and Bagamoyo in the Late
Nineteenth Century." African Historical Studies. Volume 4 #3 1971.
Holmes, C.F. "Zanzibari Influence at the Southern End of Lake Victoria: The Lake Route." African
Historical Studies. Volume 4 #3 1971.
Holway, James D. "C.M.S. (Church Missionary Society) Contact With Islam in East Africa Before
1914." Journal of Religion in Africa. Volume 4 #3 1972.
Mohiddin, Ahmed M. "Reflections in Socialist Tanzania." East Africa Journal. Volume 9 #11
November, 1972. pp. 26-37.
Akinola, G. Akin. "Slavery and Slave Revolts in the Sultanate of Zanzibar in the Nineteenth
Century." Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. Volume 6 #2 June, 1972. pp. 215-228.
Ogutu, M.A. "The Cultivation of Coffee Among the Chagga of Tanzania, 1919-1939." Agricultural
History. Volume 46 #2 April, 1972.
Holmes, C.F. and Austen, R.A. "The Pre-Colonial Sukuma." Historian. Volume 14 #2 1972.
Bridges, R.C. "Europeans and East Africans in the Age of Exploration." Geographical Journal.
Volume 139 #2 June, 1973. pp. 220-232.
Bennett, Norman R. "France and Zanzibar, 1844-1860's. Part One." International Journal of African
Historical Studies. Volume 6 #4 1973.
Nimtz, A.H. "Islam in Tanzania: An Annotated Bibliography." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume
72 1973. pp. 51-74.
Gallagher, Joseph T. "Kinship Among the Original Ndedeuli of Southwestern Tanzania."
Transafrican Journal of History. Volume 3 #1-#2 1973. pp. 146-152.
Rizvi, Sayyid S.A. and King, Noel Q. "Some East African Ithna Asheri Jamaats (1840-1967)."
Journal of Religion in Africa. Volume 5 #1 1973.
Unomah, A.C. "The Maji-Maji in Tanzania, 1905-1907: African Reaction to German Conquest."
Tarikh. Volume 4 #3 1973.
Bennett, Norman R. "France and Zanzibar, 1844-1860's. Part Two." International Journal of African
Historical Studies. Volume 7 #1 1974.
Allen, J. De. V. "Swahili Culture Reconsidered." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern
Africa. Volume 9 1974. pp. 105-138.
Pouwels, R.L. "Tenth Century Settlement of the East African Coast, the Case of Qarmatian
Connections." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 9 1974. pp. 65-74.
Masao, Fidelio T. "The Irrigation System in Uchagga: An Ethno-Historical Approach." Tanzania
Notes and Records. Volume 75 1974.
Rogers, Susan G. "The Kilimanjaro Native Planters Association: Administrative Responses to
Chagga Initiatives in the 1920's." Transafrican Journal of History. Volume 4 #1-#2 1974. pp. 94-114.
Page, Melvin E. "The Manyema Hordes of Tippu Tip: A Case Study in Social Stratification and the
Slave Trade in Eastern Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 7 #1
1974. pp. 69-84.
Shorter, Aylward. "The Rise and Decline of Bungu Power: A Forgotten Episode in the History of
Nineteenth Century Tanzania." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 73 July, 1974.
Gray, J.M. "A Portuguese Inscription and the Uroa Coan Hoard: Some Discoveries in Zanzibar."
Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 10 1975. pp. 123-131.
Chittick, H.N. "An Early Salt-Working Site on the Tanzanian Coast." Azania: Journal of the British
Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 10 1975. pp. 151-153.
Eustace, J.B. "Extracts From His Diary: Ruins etc., to the Southward of Zanzibar." Azania: Journal
of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 10 1975. pp. 133-135.
Redmond, Patrick M. "Maji Maji in Ungoni: A Reappraisal of Existing Historigraphy."
International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 8 #3 1975. pp. 407-424.
Nwulia, Moses D.E. "The Role of Missionaries in the Emancipation of Slaves in Zanzibar." Journal
of Negro History. Volume 60 #2 April, 1975. pp. 268-287.
Twaddle, Michael. "Towards an Early History of the East African Interior." History in Africa.
Volume 2 1975. pp. 147-184.
Ekemode, G.V. "Fundi: Trader and Akida Kilimanjaro, 1860-1898." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 77-78 June, 1976.
Graham, James D. "Indirect Rule: The Establishment of `Chiefs' and `Tribes' in Cameron's
Tanganyika." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 77-78 June, 1976.
Gwasa, G.C.K. and Mbwiliza, J.F. "Social Production, Symbolism, and Ritual Inbuha, 1750-1900."
Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 79-80 December, 1976.
Brown, M. "Some Historical Links Between Tanzania and Madagascar." Tanzania Notes and
Records. Volume 79-80 1976. pp. 49-56.
Brown, Mervyn. "Some Historical links Between Tanzania and Madagascar." Tanzania Notes and
Records. Volume 79-80 December, 1976. pp. 49-56.
Clayton, Anthony. "The General Strike in Zanzibar, 1948." Journal of African History. Volume 17 #3
1976. pp. 417-434.
Tolmacheva, M.A. "The Origin of the Name `Swahili'." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 77-78
June, 1976. pp. 238.
Nindi, B.C. "A Historical Study of the Cooperative Movement in Tanzania." Transafrican Journal of
History. Volume 6 and 7 1977. pp. 64-78.
Larson, L.E. "A History of the Mbunga Confederacy ca.1860-1907." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 81 and 82 1977. pp. 35-42.
McCarthy, D.M.P. "Organizing Underdevelopment From the Inside: The Bureaucratic Economy in
Tanganyika, 1919-1940." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 10 #4 1977. pp.
576-599.
Ross, Alistair. "The Capricorn Africa Society and European Reactions to African Nationalism in
Tanganyika, 1949-1960." African Affairs. Volume 76 #305 October, 1977. pp. 519-536.
Al-Naqar, Umar. "Arabic Materials in the Government Archives of Zanzibar." History in Africa.
Volume 5 1978. pp. 377-383.
Meritt, H.P. "Bismarck and the German Interest in East Africa, 1884-1885." Historical Journal.
Volume 21 #1 March, 1978. pp. 97-116.
Pirouet, M. Louise. "East African Christians and World War One." Journal of African History.
Volume 19 #1 1978. pp. 117-130.
Scotton, James F. "Tanganyika's African Press, 1937-1960: A Nearly Forgotten Pre-Independence
Forum." African Studies Review. Volume 21 #1 April, 1978. pp. 1-19.
Sahu, Sunil K. "Tanzania: The Colonial Experience and Dependent Development." Africa Quarterly.
Volume 17 #3 January, 1978. pp. 47-96.
Kalinga, Owen J.M. "The British and the Kyungus: A Study of the Changing Status of the Ngonde
Rulers During the Period, 1891-1933." Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. Volume 9 #3
December, 1978. pp. 125-144.
Ylvisaker, Marguerite. "The Origins and Development of the Witu Sultanate." International Journal
of African Historical Studies. Volume 11 #4 1978. pp. 669-688.
Newitt, M.D.D. "The Southern Swahili Coast in the First Century of European Expansion." Azania:
Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 13 1978. pp. 113-126.
Anonymous. "The War of Thangata: Nyasaland and the East African Campaign, 1914-1918."
Journal of African History. Volume 19 #1 1978. pp. 87-100.
Ranger, Terence O. "European Attitudes and African Realities: The Rise and Fall of the Matola
Chiefs of South-East Tanzania." Journal of African History. Volume 20 #1 1979. pp. 63-82.
Saad, Elias. "Kilwa Dynastic Historiography: A Critical Study." History in Africa. Volume 6 1979.
pp. 177-209.
McCarthy, D.M.P. "Language Manipulation in Colonial Tanganyika, 1919-1940." Journal of African
Studies. Volume 6 #1 Spring, 1979.
Amey, Alan B. and Leonard, David K. "Public Policy, Class and Inequality in Kenya and Tanzania."
Africa Today. Volume 26 #4 Fourth Quarter, 1979. pp. 3-42.
Phillipson, D.W. "Some Iron Age Sites in the Lower Tana Valley." Azania: Journal of the British
Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 14 1979. pp. 155-160.
Kalinga, Owen J.M. "The British and the Kyungus: A Study of the Changing Status of the Ngonde
Rulers During the Period, 1891-1933." African Studies. Volume 38 #2 1979. pp. 167-180.
Bryceson, Deborah F. "Changes in Peasant Food Production and Food Supply in Relation to the
Historical Development of Commodity Production in Pre-Colonial and Colonial Tanganyika." Journal
of Peasant Studies. Volume 7 #3 April, 1980. pp. 281-311.
Rodgers, W.A. and Lobo, J.D. "Elephant Control and Legal Ivory Exploitation: 1920-1976."
Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 84 and 85 1980. pp. 25-54.
Sakarai, Lawrence J. "Indian Merchants in East Africa. Part One: The Triangular Trade and the
Slave Economy." Slavery and Abolition. Volume 1 #3 December, 1980. pp. 292-344.
Itandala, Buluda. "Nilotic Impact on the Babinza of Usukuma." Transafrican Journal of History.
Volume 9 #1 1980. pp. 1-17.
Stiles, Daniel. "Origins of the Hunting People of the North East African Coast." Transafrican
Journal of History. Volume 9 #1 1980. pp. 52-69.
Beck, A. "Priorities in Biological Research at Amani, 1902-1914." Tanzania Notes and Records.
#86-#87 1980. pp. 13-16.
McHenry, Dean E. "Reorganization: An Administrative History of Kigoma District in Western
Tanzania." Tanzania Notes and Records. Volume 84 and 85 1980. pp. 65-76.
Van Spengen, Wim. "Structural Characteristics of Underdevelopment in the Mafia Archipelago: An
Historical Analysis." Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines. Volume 20 #3 1980. pp. 331-354.
Swai, Bonaventure. "Tanganyika and the Great Depression, 1926-36." Transafrican Journal of
History. Volume 9 #2 1980. pp. 192-225.
Bryceson, Deborah F. "The Proletarianization of Women in Tanzania." Review of African Political
Economy. #17 January-April, 1980. pp. 4-27.
Kirkman, James S. "The Zanzibar Diary of John Studdy Leigh. Part One." International Journal of
African Historical Studies. Volume 13 #2 1980. pp. 281-312.
Kirkman, James S. "The Zanzibar Diary of John Studdy Leigh. Part Two." International Journal of
African Historical Studies. Volume 13 #3 1980. pp. 492-507.
Sicard, S.V. "The `Zanzibaris' in Durban, South Africa." Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority
Affairs. Volume 2 #1 Winter, 1980. pp. 128-137.
Small, N.J. "UMCA (Universities Mission to Central Africa): The Early Work in Education,
1876-1905." Tanzania Notes and Records. #86-#87 1980. pp. 35-55.
Shorter, Aylward. "An Incident on the White Fathers Journey in 1878." Tanzania Notes and
Records. #88-#89 1981. pp. 57-61.
Beidelman, Thomas O. "Contradictions Between the Sacred and the Secular Life: The Church
Missionary Society in Ukaguru, Tanzania, East Africa, 1876-1914." Comparative Studies in Society
and History. Volume 23 #1 January, 1981. pp. 73-95.
Gundara, Jagdish S. "Fragment of Indian Society in Zanzibar: Conflict and Change in the Nineteenth
Century." Africa Quarterly. Volume 21 #2-#4 1981. pp. 23-40.
Sakarai, Lawrence J. "Indian Merchants in East Africa. Part Two: British Imperialism and the
Transformation of the Slave Economy." Slavery and Abolition. Volume 2 #1 May, 1981. pp. 2-30.
Moshi, H.P.B. "Industrialization and Technological Policy in Tanzania: An Overview." Africa
Development. Volume 6 #1 January-March, 1981. pp. 80-95.
Wilkinson, J.C. "Oman and East Africa: New Light on Early Kilwan History From Omani Sources."
International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 14 #2 1981. pp. 272-305.
Mgomezulu, Gadi G.Y. "Recent Archaeological Research and Radiocarbon Dates From Eastern
Africa." Journal of African History. Volume 22 #4 1981. pp. 435-456.
Allen, James D.V. "Swahili Culture and the Nature of East Coast Settlement." International Journal
of African Historical Studies. Volume 14 #2 1981. pp. 306-334.
Mueller, Susanne D. "The Historical Origins of Tanzania's Ruling Class." Canadian Journal of
African Studies. Volume 15 #3 1981. pp. 459-498.
Small, N.J. "UMCA: The Early Work in Education, 1876-1905." Tanzania Notes and Records.
Volume 86-87 1981.
Nindi, B.C. "Uhehe: 1850-1906." Tanzania Notes and Records. #88-#89 1981. pp. 33-40.
Mbilinyi, Marjorie J. "Wife, Slave and Subject of the King: The Oppresion of Women in the
Shambala Lingdom." Tanzania Notes and Records. #88-#89 1981. pp. 1-13.
Page, Melvin E. "`With Janie in the Jungle': European Humor in an East African Campaign,
1914-1918." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 14 #3 1981. pp. 466-481.
Beidelman, Thomas O. "The Organization and Maintenance of Caravans By the Church Missionary
Society in Tanzania in the Nineteenth Century." International Journal of African Historical Studies.
Volume 15 #4 1982. pp. 601-624.
Bryceson, Deborah F. "`The Tepid Backwater': Bagamovo District and its Marginal Commodity
Production Within the Tanganyikan Colonial Economy, 1919-1961." Transafrican Journal of History.
Volume 11 1982. pp. 1-25.
Robertshaw, Peter and Collett, David. "A New Framework For the Study of Early Pastoral
Communities in East Africa." Journal of African History. Volume 24 #3 1983. pp. 289-301.
Gundara, Jagdish S. "British Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Nineteenth Century Zanzibar." Africa
Quarterly. Volume 23 #3-#4 1983. pp. 10-27.
Swai, Benaventure. "Colonial Development Policy and Agrarian Protest in Tanganyika Territory:
The Usambara Case, 1920-1960." Transafrican Journal of History. Volume 12 1983. pp. 153-174.
Owen, Nicholas. "Historic Kageye in Western Tanzania." Geographical Magazine. Volume 55 #2
Febraury, 1983. pp. 98-100.
Amiji, Hatim M. "The Asiatic Bias in the Historiography of the East African Coast." Journal of
African Studies. Volume 10 #2 Summer, 1983. pp. 66+.
Sutton, J.E.G. "Irrigation and Soil Conservation in African Agricultural History." Journal of African
History. Volume 25 #1 1984. pp. 25-42.
Thiele, Graham. "State Intervention and Commodity Production in Ugogo: A Historical
Perspective." Africa. Volume 54 #3 1984. pp. 92-107.
Alpers, Edward A. "`Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a Nineteenth-Century Swahili
Women's Spirit Possession Cult." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 17 #4
1984. pp. 677+.
Nindi, B.C. "Agriculture Change in Tanzania: With Examples From Iringa Region." Transafrican
Journal of History. Volume 14 1985. pp. 101-111.
Konezacki, Janina. "The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition (1887-1889): Some Comments on Disease
and Hygiene." Canadian Journal of African Studies. Volume 19 #3 1985. pp. 615-625.
Nurse, Derek and Spear, Thomas. "The Origins and Development of Swahili: Reconstructing the
History of an African Language and People." Mankind Quarterly. Volume 25 #4 Summer, 1985. pp.
353-370.
Nindi, B.C. "Africa's Refugee Crisis in a Historical Perspective." Transafrican Journal of History.
Volume 15 1986. pp. 96-107.
Giblin, James L. "Famine and Social Change Duing the Transition to Colonial Rule in Northeastern
Tanzania, 1880-1896." African Economic History. #15 1986. pp. 85-105.
Hoyle, Brian S. "Gillman of Tanganyika, 1882-1946: Pioneer Geographer." Geographical Journal.
Volume 152 #3 November, 1986. pp. 354-366.
Pike, Charles. "History and Imagination: Swahili Literature and Resistance to German Language
Imperialism in Tanzania, 1885-1910." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 19
#2 1986. pp. 201-233.
Kirkwan, L.P. "Rhapta: Metropolis of Azania." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern
Africa. Volume 21 1986. pp. 99-104.
Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. "The Arabs in Zanzibar: From Sultanate to the People's Republic." Journal of
the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Volume 7 #2 July, 1986. pp. 404-418.
Githige, Renison M. "The Issue of Slavery: Relations Between the CMS (Church Missionary
Society) and the State on the East African Coast Prior to 1895." Journal of Religion in Africa.
Volume 16 #3 October, 1986. pp. 209-225.
Munro, J. Forbes. "Shipping Subsidies and Railway Guarantees: William Mackinnon, Eastern Africa
and the Indian Ocean, 1860-1893." Journal of African History. Volume 28 #2 1987. pp. 209-230.
Bierman, Werner. "The Problems of Industrialization in Tanzania." Journal of African Studies.
Volume 14 #3 Fall, 1987. pp. 127-140.
Pavageau, Carmel. "Travel Guide: Craters and Creatures." Geographical Magazine. Volume 59 #2
February, 1987. pp. 90-93.
Sundiata, Ibrahim K. "Twentieth Century Reflections on Death in Zanzibar." International Journal
of African Historical Studies. Volume 20 #1 1987. pp. 45-60.
Stollowsky, Otto. "On the Background to Rebellion in German East Africa in 1905-1906."
International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 21 #4 1988. pp. 677-696.
Morgan, W.T.W. "Tamil and Eastern Tanzania: Comparative Regional Geography and the
Historical Development Process." Geographical Journal. Volume 154 #1 March, 1988. pp. 69-86.
Austen, Ralph A. "The 19th Century Islamic Slave Trade From East Africa (Swahili and Red Sea
Coasts): A Tentative Census." Slavery and Abolition. Volume 9 #3 December, 1988. pp. 21-44.
Clarence-Smith, William G. "The Economics of the Indian Ocean and Red Sea Slave Trades in the
19th Century: An Overview." Slavery and Abolition. Volume 9 #3 December, 1988. pp. 1-20.
Koponen, Juhani. "War, Famine, and Pestilence in Late Precolonial Tanzania: A Case For a
Heightened Mortality." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 21 #4 1988. pp.
637-676.
Campbell, Gwyn. "The East African Slave Trade, 1861-1895: The `Southern' Complex."
International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 22 #1 1989. pp. 1-26.
Ferguson, Ed. "Value Theory and Colonial Capitalism: The Case of Zanzibar, 1897-1945." African
Economic History. #18 1989. pp. 25-56.
Giblin, James L. "East Coast Fever in Socio-Historical Context: A Case Study From Tanzania."
International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 23 #3 1990. pp. 401-421.
Nindi, Benson. "Evolution of Agricultural Marketing Institutions and the Public Versus Private
Debate in Tanzania." Transafrican Journal of History. Volume 19 1990. pp. 117+.
Peter, Chris M. "Imperialism and Export of Capital: A Survey of Foreign Private Investments in
Tanzania During the German Colonial Period." Journal of Asian and African Studies. Volume 25
#3-#4 July-October, 1990. pp. 197-212.
Maddox, Gregory. "Mtunya: Famine in Central Tanzania, 1917-1920." Journal of African History.
Volume 31 #2 1990. pp. 181-197.
Capeci, Dominic J. and Knight, Jack C. "Reactions to Colonialism: North American Ghost Dance
and East African Maji-Maji Rebellions." Historian. Volume 52 #4 August, 1990. pp. 584-601.
Sinclar, Paul J. "Archaeology in Eastern Africa: An Overview of Current Chronological Issues."
Journal of African History. Volume 32 #2 1991. pp. 179-219.
Little, Marilyn. "Colonial Policy and Subsistence in Tanganyika, 1925-1945." Geographical Review.
Volume 81 #4 October, 1991. pp. 375-388.
Bhacker, M. Reda. "Family Strife and Foreign Intervention: Causes in the Separation of Zanzibar
From Oman: A Reappraisal." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. Volume 54 #2
1991. pp. 269-280.
Glassman, Jonathan. "The Bondsman's New Clothes: The Contradictory Consciousness of Slave
Resistance on the Swahili Coast." Journal of African History. Volume 32 #2 1991. pp. 277-312.
Brown, Helen. "Three Kilwa Gold Coins." Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa.
Volume 26 1991.
Mkelle, M. Burhan. "A Scholar for All Seasons: Sheikh Abdul Aziz al Amani of Zanzibar." Journal
of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Volume 13#1 January, 1992. pp. 116+.
Itandala, Buluda. "African Response to German Colonialism in East Africa: The Case of Usukuma,
1890-1918." Ufahamu. Volume 20 #1 1992. pp. 3-29.
Buchert, Lene. "Basic and Higher Education in Tanzania,1919-1990: Quantitative Expansion for the
Many or Qualitative Improvement for the Few?" Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review.
Volume 8 #1 January, 1992. pp. 62-79.
Curtis, Kenneth R. "Cooperation and Cooptation: The Struggle for Market Control in the Bukoba
District of Colonial Tanganyika." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 25 #3
1992. pp. 505-538.
Blackshire-Belay, Carol A. "German Imperialism in Africa: The Distorted Images of Cameroon,
Namibia, Tanzania and Togo." Journal of Black Studies. Volume 23 #2 December, 1992. pp.
235-246.
Spear, Thomas T. and Nurse, Derek. "Maasai Farmers: The Evolution of Arusha." International
Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 25 #3 1992. pp. 481-503.
Sheriff, Abdul. "Mosques, Merchants and Landowners in Zanzibar Stone Town." Azania: Journal of
the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 27 1992.
Mazrui, Alamin. "Roots of Kiswahili: Colonialism, Nationalism, and the Dual Heritage." Ufahamu.
Volume 20 #3 1992. pp. 88-100.
Pouwels, Randall L. "Swahili Literature and History in the Post-Structuralist Era." International
Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 25 #2 1992. pp. 261-283.
Willis, Justin. "The Makings of a Tribe: Bondeo Identities and Histories." Journal of African
History. Volume 33 #2 1992. pp. 191-208.
Pierson, Gerald J. "U.S. Consuls in Zanzibar and the Slave Trade, 1870-1890." Historian. Volume 55
#1 Autumn, 1992. pp. 53-68.
Bailey, S.F. "An East African Problem of Thirty Years Ago: The Kampala Agreement."
Contemporary Review. Volume 262 #1527 April, 1993. pp. 191-196.
Willis, Justin. "Feedback as a `Problem' in Oral History: An Example >From Bonde." History in
Africa. Volume 20 1993. pp. 353-360.
Pouwels, Randall L. "Reflections on Historiography and Pre-Nineteenth-Century History From the
Pate `Chronicles'." History in Africa. Volume 20 1993. pp. 263-296.
Sunseri, Thaddeus. "Slave Ransoming in German East Africa, 1885-1922." International Journal of
African Historical Studies. Volume 26 #3 1993. pp. 481-511.
Nurse, Derek and Rottland, F. "Sonjo and Engaruka: A Linguist's View." Azania: Journal of the
British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 28 1993.
Willis, Justin. "The Administration of Bonde 1920-1960: A Study of the Implementation of Indirect
Rule in Tanganyika." African Affairs. Volume 92 #366 January, 1993. pp. 53-67.
Willis, Justin. "The Administration of Bonde, 1920-60: A Study of the Implementation of Indirect
Rule in Tanganyika." African Affairs. Volume 92 #366 January, 1993. pp. 53-67.
Jackson, Robert H. and Maddox, Gregory. "The Creation of Identity: Colonial Society in Bolivia
and Tanzania." Comparative Studies in Society and History. Volume 35 #2 April, 1993. pp. 263-284.
Nindi, B.C. "The Implications of Panterritorial Pricing Policies for Maize in Tanzania, 1970s-1980s."
Transafrican Journal of History. Volume 22 1993. pp. 182-192.
Schoenbrun, David L. "We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture Between the Great Lakes."
Journal of African History. Volume 34 #1 1993. pp. 1-31.
Cohen, Cynthia. "`The Natives Must First Become Good Workmen': Formal Education Provision in
German South West and East Africa Compared." Journal of Southern African Studies. Volume 19 #1
March, 1993. pp. 115-134.
Haaland, Randi. "Dakawa: An Early Iron Age Site in the Tanzanian Hinterland." Azania: Journal of
the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Volume 29-30 1994. pp. 238-247.
Shetler, Jan. "A Gift for Generations to Come: A Kiroba Popular History >From Tanzania and
Identity as Social Capital in the 1980s." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume
28 #1 1995. pp. 69-112.
Jones, Laird. "Commercial Politics and the Overstocking Crisis in Mwanza Province, Tanganyika,
1926-1935." African Economic History. Volume 129-142. 1995. pp. 129-142.
Homewood, Katherine. "Development, Demarcation and Ecological Outcomes in Maasailand."
Africa. Volume 65 #3 1995. pp. 331-350.
Landau, Loren B. "What Role Can History Play for the Newly Urbanized Women of Kenya and
Tanzania?" Ufahamu. Volume 23 #2 1995. pp. 29-54.
Boisseau, T.J. "`They Called Me Bebe Bwana': A Critical Cultural Study of an Imperial Feminist."
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. Volume 21 #1 Autumn, 1995. pp. 116-146.
O'Fahey, Rex S. and Vikør, Knut S. "A Zanzibari Waqf of Books: The Library of the Mundhiri
Family." Sudanic Africa. Volume 7 1996. pp. 5-23.
Maddox, Gregory H. "Gender and Famine in Central Tanzania: 1916-1961." African Studies
Review. Volume 39 #1 April, 1996. pp. 83-101.
Schoenbrun, David L. "Gendered Histories Between the Great Lakes: Varieties and Limits."
International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 29 #3 1996. pp. 461-492.
Sunseri, Thaddeus. "Labour Migration in Colonial Tanzania and the Hegemony of South African
Historiography." African Affairs. Volume 95 #381 October, 1996. pp. 581-598.
Shipway, Martin. "Madagascar on the Eve of Insurrection, 1944-47: The Impasse of a Liberal
Colonial Policy." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. Volume 24 #1 January, 1996. pp.
72-100.
Gower, Rebecca H. and Salm, Steven and Falola, Toyin. "Swahili Women Since the Nineteenth
Century: Theoretical and Empirical Considersations on Gender and Identity Construction." Africa
Today. Volume 43 #3 1996. pp. 251+.
Tamale, Sylvia. "Taking the Beast by its Horns: Formal Resistance to Women's Oppression in
Africa." Africa Development. Volume 21 #4 1996. pp. 5-21.
Geiger, Susan N.G. "Tanganyikan Nationalism as `Women's Work': Life Histories, Collective
Biography and Changing Historiography." Journal of African History. Volume 37 #3 1996. pp.
465-478.
McCurdy, Sheryl A. "The 1932 `War' Between Rival Ujiji (Tanganyika) Associations:
Understanding Women's Motivations for Inciting Political Unrest." Canadian Journal of African
Studies. Volume 30 #1 1996. pp. 10-31.
Pouwells, Randall L. "The Pate Chronicles Revisited: Nineteenth-Century History and
Historiography." History in Africa. Volume 23 1996. pp. 301-318.
Wilkinson, J.C. "The Zanzibar Delimitation Commission, 1885-1886." Geopolitics. Volume 1 #2
Autumn, 1996.
Lovett, Margot L. "`She Thinks She's Like a Man': Marriage and (De)Constructing Gender
Identity in Colonial Buha, Western Tanzania, 1943-1960." Canadian Journal of African Studies.
Volume 30 #1 1996. pp. 52+.
Schmidt, Peter R. "Archaeological Views on a History of Landscape Change in East Africa." Journal
of African History. Volume 38 #3 1997. pp. 393-422.
Sunseri, Thaddeus. "Famine and Wild Pigs: Gender Struggles and the Outbreak of the Majimaji War
in Uzaramo (Tanzania)." Journal of African History. Volume 38 #2 1997. pp. 235-259.
Ng'weno, Bettina. "Inheriting Disputes: The Digo Negotiations of Meaning and Power Through
Land." African Economic History. Volume 25 1997. pp. 59-77.
Brantley, Cynthia. "Kikuyu-Maasai Nutrition and Colonial Science: The Orr and Gilks Study in late
1920s Kenya Revisited." International Journal of African Historical Studies. Volume 30 #1 1997. pp.
49+.
Charnley, Susan. "Pastoralism and Property Rights: The Evolution of Communal Property on the
Usangu Plains, Tanzania." African Economic History. Volume 25 1997. pp. 97-119.
Myers, Garth A. "Sticks and Stones: Colonialism and Zanzibari Housing." Africa. Volume 67 #2
1997. pp. 252-272.
Callahan, Michael D. "The Failure of `Closer Union' in British East Africa, 1929-1931." Journal of
Imperial and Commonwealth History. Volume 25 #2 May, 1997. pp. 267+.
Smythe, Kathleen. "The White Father Archives at Mwanza, Tanzania." History in Africa. Volume 24
1997. pp. 431-432.
Barrett-Gaines, Kathryn. "Travel Writing, Experiences, and Silences: What is Left Out of European
Travelers Accounts: The Case of Richard Dorsey Mohun." History in Query